Hello! In this article, we will talk about lending to small and medium-sized businesses.

Today you will learn:

1. What types of business loans exist;
2. What documents need to be collected for their registration;
3. What are the risks for businesses when obtaining loans.

For start-up entrepreneurs, lending is often the only option to get a large amount of funds for. This question remains relevant for those who represent small and medium business, needs machinery, raw materials or business expansion.

Why are loans for business from scratch reluctantly issued?

The practice of issuing loans for businesses from scratch in the Russian Federation is small. In Western countries, lending of this type is more developed, the number of loans issued as a percentage is about 35%. In our country, this percentage ranges from 1.5 to 2.5%.

Why did such a situation arise? First of all, because starting a business is associated with great risks both for the entrepreneur himself and for creditors, and no one wants to lose their money.

In addition to the considered factor, the fact that the borrower does not have a credit history also affects the decision on lending. Also, a lot of young companies are closed, not even having time to prove themselves in business. Of course, lenders are wary of lending to such borrowers.

Which banks can get a business loan

In this part, we will consider those banking organizations that are ready to cooperate with entrepreneurs. We will also look at the terms of the loan.

Business loan at Sberbank

On the on the official website of the bank, a whole section is dedicated to small businesses. The bank offers several key business products.

This list includes refinancing, lending for the purchase of equipment and machinery, unsecured loans for any purpose, and so on. The bank also developed a program to stimulate lending to small and medium-sized businesses.

As an example, consider a replenishment loan working capital. Credit "Business - Turnover» can be obtained under the following conditions: the maximum loan term is 4 years, the interest rate is from 11.8% per annum, minimum amount to receive - 150 thousand rubles.

This loan is provided to individual entrepreneurs and small businesses whose annual revenue does not exceed 400 million rubles. Also on the official website complete list documents required to obtain a loan. After the bank analyzes the financial and economic part of your business, a decision will be made on issuing a loan.

Business loans at Alfa-Bank

Now Alfa-Bank provides the Potok service, where entrepreneurs can get a loan for a business without collateral, collecting documents and online. You can find it on the official website of the project. Favorable conditions!

Also, for small businesses and individual entrepreneurs, the bank provides a so-called “spare wallet” in the form of an overdraft.

The terms of provision are as follows: an interest rate of 15 to 18% per annum, if you have not yet been a client of Alfa-Bank, you can count on an amount from 500,000 to 6 million rubles, but if you have cooperated with the bank before, the maximum loan amount will be 10 million rubles.

Also, for opening a limit, the bank takes a commission in the amount of 1% of the limit amount, but not less than 10 thousand rubles.

For medium-sized businesses, express lending and lending of the classical type are available. There are offers for business development loans, a loan secured by property rights and other offers.

As far as credit terms and interest rates are concerned, everything is calculated in individually, taking into account the financial capabilities of the client, as well as his needs.

Business loan from scratch from Rosselkhozbank

The bank's official website contains sections dedicated to small and micro businesses, as well as medium and large ones. Looking at proposals for entrepreneurs, one can see, for example, lending for seasonal work, lending in order to fulfill government contracts.

For more large companies loans are provided for current purposes, to finance foreign trade operations, and so on. An application for a loan can be filled out online; communication with a specialist at the bank is also provided by the type of callback.

This bank also participates in the state program to support small and medium-sized businesses.

Business loan at VTB

As in other credit institutions, the official website of the bank has a special section for business. Several loan programs are presented specifically for small businesses: express, revolving and investment lending programs.

In addition, loans are offered for business development, loans for the purchase of offices, warehouses and retail space, targeted loan with deferred repayment up to six months and a number of others.

The maximum lending terms for some loans are up to 10 years, interest rates are different - 13.5% (for the Business Mortgage loan), 11.8% for the Investment loan, and 11.8% for the Revolving loan and etc.

You can fill out an application on the website, a consultation with a bank specialist is also available.

The bank offers several types of business loans. Namely: overdraft, loans for the purchase of equipment that is produced in the Republic of Belarus, leasing, tender lending and other types.

The application is available on the official website, funds can be provided to small and medium-sized businesses, and loans are also available for individual entrepreneurs and large companies.

Tinkoff business

The list of documentation may include:

• or EGRIP;
• OGRN;
• Tax return for a certain reporting period

After all the documents are provided and the bank makes a decision on lending, you will be scheduled a meeting, during which the loan agreement and the agreement on opening an account for your business will be signed.

It should be noted that the bank is really focused on small and medium-sized businesses.

What are the pros and risks of starting a business with a loan

Advantages and disadvantages of borrowing financial resources for the conduct and development of business, consider further.

Advantages:

• financial issues are resolved quickly;
• business can be expanded at any time;
• with timely repayment of the loan, you can get benefits for other bank services;
• lending can reduce the tax base.

Disadvantages:

• the existence of an overpayment;
• waste of time looking for the right one banking organization;
• you need to draw up a lot of documents;
• there are age restrictions for borrowers;
• property for collateral is valued lower than its market value.

The main danger lies in the fact that it is impossible to calculate the financial position of your company for several years ahead. Today, business is booming, repaying borrowed funds is not difficult, and in a year the situation may change radically. Especially in conditions of economic instability in the country as a whole.

This should be remembered and kept in mind before concluding a loan agreement.

Business lending rules

The rules for granting a loan are structured in such a way that credit risks have been minimized. Lending is always a risk for both the potential borrower and the lender. The risk borne by the borrower is, first of all, the inability to repay the loan and interest on time, which can lead to.

The risk of the lender is associated primarily with the terms of the loan. Whether the loan is long-term or short-term, this directly affects the levels of risk.

To minimize risks, lenders, before agreeing on a loan application, carry out the following activities:

• They carefully study the borrower, his credit history (if the loan is not issued for the first time). Conduct an analysis of the economic and financial position the borrower;
• They study the collateral offered by the borrower, internal and external sources, through which the loan can be repaid;
• Analyze potential risks and ways to eliminate them.

Most banking organizations have developed special rules for lending to small and medium-sized businesses. These rules fix how to correctly assess the solvency of the borrower, how to develop his psychological portrait, how to reduce risks, and so on.

Securing a business loan

Loans can be obtained in several ways:

• Provide a deposit;
• Ensure the availability of guarantors;
• Provide a written commitment.

If the loan is secured by collateral, then any property of the borrower passes to the lender for the period of use of the loan funds. This pledge can be realized by the creditor if the funds belonging to him are not returned on time.

But if the borrower is declared bankrupt, the claims of other creditors cannot apply to this pledge.

As collateral can be: property, securities, real estate, any goods.

When a written obligation acts as collateral for a loan, then most often it is a bill of exchange. The one who owns the bill has full right demand the return of funds from the person who issued this bill.

As for loan guarantors, they are necessary when the borrower's income level is clearly insufficient to obtain the required amount.

Business Loan Classification

There are several types of business loans. In addition, every year banking organizations offer more and more services for those who do business. The main thing is to use them correctly.

Venture lending.

It is usually used if business is planned in the field related to scientific technology. Such lending is long term and at high interest rates. But in this case, no one will simply give any guarantees.

The risk here is maximum, since the investments made may simply not pay off, because projects related to science are not initially successful.

Overdraft.

This is a loan that an entrepreneur can use if he needs additional cash needed for short term. A banking organization lends to an entrepreneur if he does not have money. This is done to pay bills.

Its difference from regular loan consists in the fact that all the money that will be credited to the borrower's account will be directed to repayment.

Commodity lending.

The scheme is simple: the borrower is provided with the equipment that is necessary for the full-fledged business.

Universal lending.

This type is distinguished by democratic conditions, which means it is most popular with entrepreneurs. The funds received can be spent on any activity that brings profit.

Commercial mortgage.

There is no need to explain much here. After all, inventory and equipment need to be stored somewhere, this is quite logical. The pledge in this case is that. You will not make payments - the lender will put the property up for auction.

Investment loan.

Pretty entertaining financial instrument. The bank gives you money not only for development, but also for increasing production capacity. Such a loan is approved only after a thorough check, which will show that you can pay it off.

You will be required for a loan , in which you need to justify that by making an investment in the amount of 100,000 rubles, you can get 2 million rubles of profit.

Factoring.

– Financing of a specific type.

Let's explain with an example: you borrow a tractor from a salon that sells agricultural machinery. And then you go to the bank for it to redeem your debt. Otherwise, it is called debt assignment.

Leasing.

What is leasing, you can. In short, this is, or real estate, which implies a subsequent redemption.

Example: you rent a lathe from a bank, pay monthly rental payments, and at the same time buy the machine into your property.

Reverse lending.

In other words, a loan for current activities. Money in this case is issued to acquire fixed assets or replenish existing ones. Fixed assets are assets that are used in the course of business, but not consumed.

Refinancing.

It is used to close other loan obligations, as well as to optimize conditions. For example: it is much more profitable to buy a machine at 4% than at 24%.

What documents do you need to provide

To get a business loan, you have to collect required package documentation. All documents that confirm the solvency of the entrepreneur must be provided.

The list of documentation in different banks may vary slightly, but in general it is as follows:

• Application for a loan, which indicates the amount of the loan, its purpose, contains a description of the collateral, as well as the loan term;
• Constituent documents of the company in the form of copies;
• Loss and profit reporting;

It should be noted that in all documents that the bank will request, the information must be relevant and relevant to reality. All certificates, certificates must be valid.

If you want to get an investment loan, submit a business plan to the bank.

Banking organizations working with small and medium-sized businesses carefully and rigorously approach the verification of the documentation provided. Pledges are also under strict control. If the certificate says that the company has 100 new tractors on its balance sheet, your task is to make sure that the loan officer sees them. And all 100.

And here credit history Let's pay special attention now. Everyone knows that it is stored in the Credit Bureau for a long time. Therefore, it takes a long time to talk about how delays in payments affect the ability to receive new loan not worth it. Even if the debt is repaid, it is impossible to hide the information that it was at all.

Everyone involved in the transaction should have impeccable credit histories: the guarantors (if any), the entrepreneur himself, the owner of the LLC or an individual entrepreneur.

If an entrepreneur is only planning, it is easier for him to get a loan as an individual. This method is not ideal, since a loan for a large amount can be obtained only by providing expensive property (for example, an apartment) as collateral to the bank.

With the money received, you can buy a ready-made business or a franchise. If large sum funds are not needed, you can get by with consumer lending.

The volume of loans issued to small businesses in 2016

According to the Central bank of the Russian Federation, in 2016, loans were issued to small and medium-sized businesses in the amount of 4,691,331 billion rubles.

First you need to choose the most suitable credit organization for you. But it is best to try to use the lending service in the bank in which the entrepreneur has a current account. In this case, it is quite possible to get a reduced interest rate and higher credit limit.

There is also the possibility of obtaining preferential loans, funds for which the state allocates.

The participants of such a program can be:

• Entrepreneurs who are just starting their business;
• Those who carry out their activities in the field of ecological tourism;
• Entrepreneurs who are engaged in any kind of production and so on.

This list is not exhaustive, we have given only the most common areas of activity.

The next step is to take profitable loan will search for a guarantor. If you don't need it, great, but it definitely won't be superfluous.

It also does not hurt to decide how you want to get a loan: in cash or to an account or card.

At the same time, any entrepreneur must remember: if he cannot fulfill his obligations under the loan, he will be responsible for them not only with all the property of the company, but also personal.

What to look out for when choosing a loan

Small and medium business in the Russian Federation is supported by the state. That is why special loan offers for entrepreneurs are being developed. In particular, those that imply a deferred payment.

But everyone is well aware that completely free cheese is only in a mousetrap. Therefore, below are a few simple recommendations, following which will help to avoid misunderstandings and problems in the conclusion loan agreement.

1. Analyze information on lending conditions in different banks. Conditions can really differ, as well as interest rates, and the differences can be significant. Therefore, do not be lazy to compare.
2. Make payments according to the schedule. Never delay making payments, but paying more than the schedule is also not always profitable. In any case, the bank writes off only the amount of the monthly payment, the rest of the money simply lies in your account.
3. Read the contract carefully. Focus on the following points: does the banking organization have the right to change the terms of the contract unilaterally (increase the% rate), are there any restrictions on loan repayment ahead of time how the bank collects the debt on the loan (if any).
4. Remember: the bank is not a charitable foundation, everything that you have taken will have to be paid back with interest, and it doesn’t matter if you are an individual or a big businessman.

Business without credit

In this part of the article, we will talk about where to get money to create a business and at the same time avoid credit obligations.

Option 1. Use the money that you have accumulated yourself.

By the way, the most banal of the existing ones. It is clear that in this case you need to come up with, as well as some of this money, but in general, the method is not the worst.

Option 2. Borrow from friends or family.

If there are people who are ready to help with money, you can use this, but there is a high risk of spoiling relations with them if you suddenly fail to give everything on time.

Option 3. Find an investor.

They are also called. They can be one person or several. All that is required of you is to provide a business plan and prove that your idea will be profitable in the future.

Option 4. Get a grant.

To do this, you must already be either . In addition, the conditions for obtaining are different in different regions of the country. Another difficulty is the passage of a competitive selection to receive this type of support.

Option 5. Use crowdfunding.

In the case of money for business, they collect from citizens, and the amount can be any, even 50 rubles. Usually, the collection takes place through special sites, where anyone can declare a collection and anyone has the right to deposit a certain amount of money.

In the Russian Federation, such platforms operate. Most of all, this option is suitable for those whose business has a pronounced social orientation, or is associated with art, music, and so on. Also on such sites, projects related to the production and sale of original goods are successful.

Option 6. Apply for a subsidy.

The downside is that the subsidy program is not valid in all regions of the country. Therefore, its availability must be clarified at your place of residence. And in order to get it, you need to provide a justification and a business plan, which is defended before the commission.

Option 7. Find a business partner who can invest his own funds in the common cause.

As a rule, if cooperation is just beginning, people divide all the profits received into equal halves. Although, if desired, the business can be divided.

All the options that we have considered have a right to exist. Moreover, there are entrepreneurs who have built a successful business without attracting credit funds. For example, Sergei Galitsky, director of the Magnit network. He began his career with work in the office work department of one of the banks in Krasnodar. As a result, his fortune today is 4 billion dollars.

How justified is lending when opening and developing a business

This question is certainly interesting. Although it can hardly be answered unambiguously. It is clear that if you understand little about economics and doing business, taking a loan is almost suicidal. You will simply make a big and long-term problem, the solution of which will be delayed for more than one year.

If it is possible to use other options for raising funds for the business, in addition to a loan, it is better to use them.

On the other hand, there are situations when loans really help to take a business to another level, and sometimes just save it. This applies more to a business that is already functioning and brings a certain profit. Due borrowed money you can cover the debts that have arisen, increase production capacity, upgrade equipment, purchase an office or warehouse space.

A number of experts believe that you can take a loan only to expand your business, but not to open it. That is, if you see that the business has room to grow and develop, then you can take a loan, in other cases you should think twice before applying to a bank for a loan.

Conclusion

Lending to small and medium-sized businesses is a financial instrument that can breathe life into a new project. But you need to understand that we receive other people's money as a loan, and we will have to give our hard-earned money, also with interest.

Therefore, before deciding on a loan, you need to carefully weigh the pros and cons, but it is better to contact specialists who can calculate all the risks and advise how to avoid them.

Making a loan for the development of commercial activities is a common practice. But in reality, individual entrepreneurs, especially newly opened ones, may experience difficulties in obtaining such financing. To get money for a business, the borrower needs to consider all possible options, evaluate their merits and choose the best one.

Ways to get a loan for individual entrepreneurs

A private businessman can get a loan to develop his business as:

• individual - a contract is drawn up consumer lending;
• individual entrepreneur - a corporate agreement is concluded.

Funds can be issued to a private borrower either secured by real estate or without it. But without collateral, you can count - banks are not ready to issue more.

At the same time, it is important that most credit institutions put forward requirements for the "age" of an individual entrepreneur - 3 or 6 months, or even a year, must pass from the moment of registration.

Features of business lending for entrepreneurs

Corporate finance differs from consumer finance in that:

• it is possible to receive large amounts - with high-quality security, banks are ready to issue up to 100 million rubles;
• rates are much lower - for some programs, lending at 5 percent is possible;
• it is almost always necessary to have a current account in the bank chosen for obtaining a loan;
• the procedure requires coordination with many departments, which does not make it any easier.

Without providing security for a large amount of commercial credit the bank will not issue - either a surety or a pledge is required.

Is it possible to get financing for a newly opened entrepreneur?

The date of registration of an individual entrepreneur does not always coincide with the date of the actual start of activity. Often, after receiving the constituent documents, months pass before the moment when the businessman really begins to master the chosen area.

If an entrepreneur has just opened, then it will be difficult to get money - few banks are ready to give a loan to develop a business from scratch.

There are more chances to get financing from entrepreneurs who opened a year or more ago - even if the activity has not actually been carried out yet, banks are more loyal to such borrowers.

How to get a loan for a business if an individual entrepreneur has just opened

The analysis showed that not a single bank is ready to lend to newly created individual entrepreneurs- it is necessary that the IP existed for at least 12 months.

For newly registered borrowers, there are only 2 ways to get the required amount:

• apply for a personal loan;
• ask to consider the application on an individual basis.

Each option has its own characteristics.

Making a loan for an individual entrepreneur

A newly registered private businessman can apply for funding as an individual. For this it is necessary that:

• the conditions of the program of the selected bank allowed lending to individual entrepreneurs for personal purposes;
• the financial institution did not have a requirement for a minimum period of business;
• the borrower has a good credit history;
• there was no need to confirm the income with a reporting declaration.

The bank may ask you to provide additional documents confirming income (account statements, alternative sources of income, etc.).

If you need a large amount, then you can’t do without collateral - only with collateral you can get an amount of up to 10 million rubles. The exact amount of financing will depend on the value of the property provided as a guarantor.

If a private businessman additionally works for hire, then it will be easier to get a loan - it will be possible to confirm the salary with a 2-NDFL certificate, and indicate the individual entrepreneur as additional income.

Agreement of personal conditions

If in the basic programs of the bank there is no way to receive financing for newly opened businessmen, then it is worth trying to negotiate as part of an individual offer. There are no universal tips on how to act so as not to be refused. But to increase the likelihood of approval, you can try to contact the bank, where:

• a current account is already being opened or is planned to be opened;
• have large savings;
• the loan has already been processed and successfully repaid.

The request of a potential borrower will be submitted to the credit committee, which will decide on the possibility of issuing the required amount to the entrepreneur. Unfortunately, practice shows that most of these applications are rejected - banks are not ready to take on increased risks.

Business lending for sole proprietors without collateral

No bank is ready to finance the activities of newly registered private businessmen without collateral. But not all credit institutions require collateral - some are ready to accept a guarantee.

It is important that, as a guarantor, the bank may require to involve both another individual and a business partner. For married borrowers, in most cases, you will need to use your spouse as a guarantor.

What documents are needed to apply for business financing

A set of documents for obtaining a loan is individual in each bank. But most often, financial institutions require the provision of:

• passports - without it, it will not be possible to draw up an agreement, a temporary certificate when replacing or losing a passport for lending purposes is not considered;
• the second document - a foreign passport, driver's license, SNILS and others are accepted;
• IP registration certificates - confirms the conduct of activities and the date of commencement of private practice;
• OGRNIP - certifies that information about the entrepreneur is entered in a single register and determines the assigned individual number;
• declarations and other reporting - the documents included in the list depend on the method of taxation used.

Additionally, other evidence of financial reliability may be provided - account statements, documents on ownership of real estate and / or other property, an agreement on the transfer of a house or apartment for rent, and others.

Banks that are ready to lend to the development of IP business

It is important to understand that without doing business, the tax return will be zero. Analysis loan offers banks identified 3 financial institutions that are most loyal to entrepreneurs without current activities provided that a year or more has passed since the actual registration.

Loan "Parter" from

A financial institution offers to issue without collateral from 300 thousand rubles to 6 million. The interest rate depends on 16.5% to 17.5% per annum, depending on the term. You can receive funds for replenishment of working capital, as well as for the acquisition, repair or reconstruction of fixed assets.

To draw up the required amount, it is necessary to provide a guarantee of another third party, but not the owner of the IP. If the borrower is married and wants to receive more than 3 million rubles, then it is necessary to involve a spouse as a guarantor.

To apply, the client must be between the ages of 22 and 65.

Quick Decision Loan from

To obtain a loan in the amount of 100 thousand to 1 million rubles, no collateral is required. The interest rate depends on the term, the loan can be issued for a period of up to 1 year.

The loan is provided for current purposes - payment of rent, settlements with counterparties, purchase of materials and other valuables, etc. It is mandatory to open a checking account.

For lending, life and / or health insurance of an individual entrepreneur and a guarantee of related persons and / or companies are required. If the businessman is married, the spouse is required to vouch for him.

Credit "Trust" from

A client between the ages of 23 and 65 can apply.

Funds are issued for business development, but it is unnecessary to confirm what exactly they were spent on. The loan rate per year is 18.5% (standard conditions) or 17% (repeated applications or personal offer). But if the borrower plans with the disbursed funds and provides supporting intended use funds documents, the rate will be 16.5% per annum.

Attract loan funds to start a business is a common practice. Lack of work does not mean that funding will absolutely be denied. To get a loan to start a business, you need to understand the features of the procedure and take into account a number of significant points.

Getting a business loan - what is it

The concept of "business loan" means receiving a sum of money from a bank that can be spent for any commercial purposes:

• purchase or lease of premises;
• purchase of products;
• purchase of goods;
• formation of the constituent capital fund;
• purchase and commissioning of machinery and/or equipment, etc.

It is possible to purchase a ready-made business with credit funds - an organization with an established work, an existing client base and confirmed turnover.

Important! Conducting commercial activities is possible only by persons registered in the form of an organization (LLC, JSC, CJSC and others) or individual entrepreneurs.

Who can apply for a business loan

Theoretically, there are 2 options:

• the loan is issued to a legal entity;
• The borrower is a private client.

In practice, in order to apply for a loan, a registered small business will need to disclose information about its current activities and leave collateral, such as equipment or other assets. For companies that have not yet begun to work, but have only received constituent documents, this type of lending is not available.

Making a loan for a private person to start a business is a more feasible option. But it is important to keep in mind that the approved amount for consumer lending programs in most cases will be in the range of 200 thousand to 1 million rubles. It is necessary to accurately calculate whether this money will be enough to open a business and pay related costs.

Will the unemployed get a loan to start their own business?

If you are not working, then getting a loan is problematic, but possible. But for this, most banks will need to confirm a favorable financial situation - you can provide documents for property or certificates of additional sources of income.

If possible, a loan secured by real estate or a car is available. In this case, the maximum amount will be equal to the value of the pledged property, which gives more financial opportunities for the implementation of the project.

How to answer questions about the employer when applying for a loan

Even if the bank does not require to provide certificates from the place of employment and / or a copy of work book, then you will still need to indicate the data about the employer in the questionnaire. Moreover, most financial institutions require that at the time of the application, the client has worked at the current place for at least 3-6 months.

Non-working borrowers can get out of the situation in several ways:

1. Establish a company or register yourself as an individual entrepreneur. In this case, you can specify your own company as an employer. At the same time, before filling out an application, it is important to clarify whether the selected bank lends to individual entrepreneurs and business owners.
2. Provide details of a fictitious or previous employer. This option can only be used if the bank does not verify the information provided. If the fraud is discovered, then the requested amount will be denied.

If there is no work, but there is a desire to open a business from scratch, then it is worth considering the option of obtaining a loan with the registration of a company or individual entrepreneur - in order to conduct business and open a company account, registering yourself as a legal entity will still be necessary. The second option should be used only in extreme cases.

Pitfalls of taking a loan for a business without a job

When obtaining a loan to start a business, you should draw up a quality financial forecast. In the absence of work, it is important to make sure that alternative sources of income and profit from the created business will be enough to service the obligations assumed.

If collateral credit debt is real estate or a car, then in case of late or incomplete payment commitments made it is possible to sell collateral in order to repay the arisen overdue debt.

Be sure to take into account that without confirmation of employment, the loan rate will be higher than for similar programs issued with a full package of documents.

Which banks are ready to give a loan to the unemployed to open a business

An analysis of bank offers showed that none credit organisation not ready to lend to the unemployed. But a sufficient number of banks offer to lend to private borrowers without proof of employment.

Business loan without collateral

Without providing a copy of a work book or an employment contract, most banks are not ready to give the borrower an amount. For more funding, please contact:

• - it is proposed to issue up to 700 thousand rubles at a rate of 11.9% to 25.5%;
• - you can take up to 1 million rubles at 14.9%–28.9% per annum;
• - available up to 1 million rubles at a rate of 18.9% to 22.9% per year;
• - up to 1 million rubles at a rate of 12.9%, subject to the payment of a one-time commission in the amount of 1% to 4.9% of the debt amount.

The interest rate is set for each person who applied personally after analyzing the data provided. The bank has the right to request the provision of additional documents, including a copy of the work book or employment contract. If it is impossible to satisfy the requirement on the application, in most cases a refusal will be issued.

Secured business loan

Bail if possible real estate or a car, the loan amount can be increased to 8-10 million rubles.

Without providing documents confirming income, you can get a loan secured by a car in:

• Loco Bank - you can take up to 5 million rubles at a rate of 12.3% per annum to 14.4%, a one-time commission of 1.5% of the loan amount is required;
• - offered up to 1 million rubles at 19-32% per annum.

Verify income if possible alternative ways(for example, a certificate from pension fund or documents on receipt of income from renting an apartment) it is most advantageous to contact:

• - rate from 11.25% to 21%;
• Housing Finance Bank - rate from 12.99% with a one-time commission of 4.9%;
• - rate from 13.5% to 14%;
• - rate of 13.5% per annum.

It is legally established that when lending against collateral, collateral insurance (real estate or car) is mandatory. Also, the bank may increase the interest rate if the borrower refuses to issue personal protection in case of death or loss of health. On average, 1-3% will be added to the above rates if you do not want to take out a policy of such insurance.

To start your own business or expand an existing one, you need financial investments. What to do if own funds lacks? For most entrepreneurs, the answer is obvious - apply to a bank and get a loan for business development on certain conditions. Is it so easy for a borrower to take a loan, is there a real alternative to bank loans and what conditions must be met in order for the money to be received - more on this later.

Small business lending

Representatives of small businesses include small enterprises without a legal entity, the total income of which, together with assets for the past year, does not exceed 400 million rubles, and the number of workers is not more than 100 people. Individual entrepreneurs are another layer representing small businesses. To start your own business or sustainable development they do not always have enough working capital, so they have to find sources of financing.

If even a dozen years ago, the unstable situation in the economy allowed only a few to receive much-needed funds, since investors were in no hurry to invest in small projects. Today, the picture has changed, and small businesses can rely not only on private investors and foreign funds, but also feel free to contact domestic banks and even the state.

Small business bank loans

It cannot be categorically stated that anyone can come to a banking institution and take a loan for business development. The first thing to do before applying for a loan is to draw up a competent business plan, based on the calculations of which the bankers will decide on the issuance of funds. Moreover, the answer will not always be positive, you can get a refusal or the amount issued will be less than the declared one.

The lender will not take risks by investing in a deliberately losing idea, since the main thing for him is the return on invested funds, and even in an increased form. For the same reason, banks rarely offer investment loans, the essence of which is to invest money in business development. It is easier for them to borrow funds and get a margin from it.

State small business lending program

If things did not work out with a financial institution, it is possible to turn to the state and ask for money for your own business. True, you will have to come to terms with the fact that the amount issued will be small - depending on the region, it can range from 50 thousand to 1 million rubles. The rate on such microfinance loans is 10-12%, although they are issued for a shorter period, which, as a rule, does not exceed one year. The entrepreneur will have to provide a guarantee or pledge of property, the sale of which will help cover the debt.

How to get a loan to start a small business from scratch

According to available statistics, about 80% of small businesses cease to exist in the first year of their operation. It cannot be said that they all go bankrupt, because some of them are part of larger industries, joint-stock companies, and some themselves move into the category of a medium, and then a large business. In addition, many individual entrepreneurs use the so-called “gray scheme” for generating income, so banking institutions cannot see the real income of the enterprise, which could significantly increase the chances of obtaining a loan.

It is not difficult to get a loan to develop your own business in a bank, however, for a positive answer, you will need to fulfill a number of conditions, since it is very important for a financial institution to receive a guarantee of the return of borrowed funds. Do not forget about the opportunity to start your own business under the franchising scheme. In this case, it will be easier to get a loan to buy a franchise.

Requirements for the borrower

The borrower must meet a number of requirements. Since the business is only planned to be developed, it will not be possible to provide any evidence of its competitiveness and profitability. For this reason, the bank will check the future small business entity as an individual in order to understand how a person is responsible for his obligations. Bankers will check the borrower's credit history, send requests to the Insurance Fund and the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. If a person was previously an employee, they can make a request to the enterprise where he worked.

Business Requirements

As such, banks do not impose requirements for a new project. They are directly interested in the business plan, so its development must be taken very seriously. If there are no skills, it is recommended to involve specially trained people or a company that, taking into account all the wishes of the client, will draw up a document. An entrepreneur can easily find and buy a ready-made version of the plan, which spells out all the features of doing business in a particular region. If you plan to carry out licensed activities, for example, as the sale of alcohol, then you should present a license.

How to get a business development loan for sole proprietorship

For businessmen who want to get money to expand their own business, it is somewhat easier. This is due to the fact that they can document the existence of profits and even provide collateral in the form of their own property. For a bank, this is one of the main components, and for a businessman it will bring additional bonuses in favor of a positive outcome of the situation. However, such a result is possible only if the client is trustworthy and complies with all the conditions for doing business:

• pays wages;
• provides contributions to the Federal Tax Service (use the service for generating reports to the Federal Tax Service online);
• timely pays all taxes and fees; has a profit, etc.

Check out the service for .

What are the purposes of a small business loan?

As mentioned above, it is not so important for the bank what the borrower is going to do. It is more important for him whether he will receive a profit to cover the debt. If the business is firmly on its feet and the entrepreneur plans to expand it, you can apply for finance to purchase equipment, Vehicle, equipment and even real estate (factoring, leasing, commercial mortgage, etc.). If you need to increase the amount of working capital, then you can also safely apply for a working loan for small business development or take an overdraft.

Unsecured

In the practice of Russian banks, there are loans that give the entrepreneur the opportunity to receive funds without providing collateral. However, it should be said that such loans are issued extremely rarely, since for banking institution some kind of guarantee is required. For this reason, in order to minimize your own risks, the interest rate on unsecured loans for business development is higher than standard offers.

Secured

Providing collateral increases the entrepreneur's chances of obtaining a loan. The collateral may be movable and immovable property, a guarantee of individuals or legal entities, the presence of a deposit in this bank and so on. Bankers in this case are more willing to make a deal with the entrepreneur, since the sale of collateral in case of default on the debt will be able to cover the resulting debt.

Which banks give loans to small businesses

A loan for business development can be obtained from many banks in Russia. Offering like big players banking market(Unicreditbank, Raiffeisenbank, etc.), and its smaller representatives (OTP-Bank, Rosenergobank, etc.). The table reflects the five major players:

	banking product	Amount, rubles	Term, months	Interest rate
Sberbank		100000–3000000
	Express overdraft
Rosselkhozbank	On the pledge of the acquisition of objects commercial real estate			individually
	On the security of purchased machinery and / or equipment	up to 85% of the cost of purchased machinery/equipment		individually
	Governmental support small and medium businesses	5000000–1000000000
	businessman	500000–5000000
	Revolving loan
	Investment loan
Alfa Bank	For any business purposes without collateral
	Overdraft
	Cars and special equipment for leasing			individual
Moscow credit bank	For small and medium bail cases			individual
	For small and medium under warranty			individual

How to get a small business loan from a bank

Before you go to the bank with a request to provide a loan for the development of a small business, you should carefully study all the available offers, get advice from colleagues who have already taken a loan for business development. In some cases, when it is not possible to provide collateral or surety, it may be more profitable to take out a cash consumer loan and use this money for your own business, because the interest rates on such loans can be much lower.

What documents are required for registration

If the bank is selected, you need to collect a certain package of documents. Depending on the institution and the purpose of a business development loan, it can vary significantly. Bankers will definitely require a citizen's passport and papers indicating the registration of the case. You will have to fill out an application form, where you indicate all the necessary information. In addition, you will have to attach a business plan, a tax return, indicate a current account, if any. It is possible that at the stage of consideration it will be necessary to convey other documentation.

Government lending to small businesses

Recently, the state has shown interest in representatives of small businesses. Both in the capital and regions, you can become a member special programs on which to receive start-up capital for the development of your own business. For 2019, a program was adopted to expand the participation of the state in promoting the development of entrepreneurship, reduce interest on loans depending on the level of inflation and the refinancing rate ( key rate) Central Bank.

microloans

In the West, the process of microcrediting small businesses by the state through financial structures has been introduced everywhere. In Russia, this practice is developed very poorly, or rather, is in its infancy. The advantage of microcredit over bank loan is a reduced interest rate and small requirements for the borrower. Funds up to 3 million are issued for a period of one to 5 years.

The state program applies to small businesses that failed to borrow money. Distinctive feature loan - money is issued strictly for a specific project, which is closely monitored by the state. It will not work to take a loan for the development of a small business and spend it in another direction - an inspection by the competent authorities can take place at any time.

Loan guarantee from an accredited bank

If a small business is unable to secure collateral, they can take advantage of this unique opportunity state aid and issue a state guarantee in the Entrepreneurship Support Fund. Its essence lies in the fact that the bank issues a loan to the entrepreneur for business development under guarantees provided by the state. This service is not free, so the borrower will have to pay a certain percentage of the loaned amount.

Only those entrepreneurs who are confident on their feet and have a profit from running their own business can take advantage of this opportunity. The state guarantee is a popular and affordable service, so it is chosen even by those entrepreneurs who have something to offer as security, since the service is beneficial in financial terms, because the borrower does not need to issue a pledge and insurance of the pledged property at his own expense.

Getting a business development grant

Entrepreneurs belonging to the category of business people whose business is successful and profitable, have the right to know that they can count on receiving gratuitous assistance from the state for the development of their business. Issuing subsidies regional funds entrepreneurship, so the specific amount of injections is determined in each region separately, depending on the available budget. Maximum amount limited to 10 million rubles. It can be spent at the discretion of the owner of the business: renting production premises, creating new jobs, etc.

Preferential lending for small businesses

Start-up entrepreneurs who do not have debts to the state, are not on the verge of bankruptcy, make payments on time existing treaties and carry out repayment of interest according to the schedule, have the right to count on a reduced annual interest rate or an extended period for using a loan under the concessional lending program. Getting a loan for business development is carried out through SMEs in the branches of partner banks, among which are:

• Renaissance;
• Genbank;
• Interkommertsbank;
• Loko-Bank;
• Promsvyazbank;
• Universal credit;
• Uralsib.

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Are you planning to start your own business and don't have enough money to do so? Then you will need information on how to get small business loans from scratch.

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We will determine what rules are applicable in 2019, which loan program to choose, what certificates to collect, etc. It is not easy to get a loan to start or promote a small business.

Banking institutions are reluctant to cooperate with individual entrepreneurs and private individuals who are about to start their own business.

After all, the bank does not have a guarantee that the funds received by the borrowers will be returned, because there is a great risk that the business will fail. Great if there is collateral.

But what about aspiring entrepreneurs? Is there a chance to get a loan? Consider which scheme should be followed.

What you need to know

Small business is called commercial enterprises in which there are no more than 100 employees in the staff, and the revenue for the year does not exceed 400 million rubles.

Such companies have the right to enjoy a special taxation regime and keep simplified accounting.

Consumer lending for LLCs and individual entrepreneurs is a promising and profitable area in banks. But they are not willing to give them to entrepreneurs.

Basic moments

How can you open a company without money? There are several options. You can apply to government agencies to receive a subsidy if a person is registered as an individual entrepreneur or is the founder of an LLC, and has citizenship of the Russian Federation.

The subsidy is provided for 2 years after the person registers with the tax authority.

We are talking about co-financing, in which funds are issued as assistance. The subsidy is targeted and its amount is a maximum of 500 thousand rubles.

The Federal Employment Service may provide funds. The subsidy is non-refundable. But in order to receive it, certain conditions must be met.

Another channel for helping small businesses is the Guarantee Fund. By contacting such an institution, a person will receive no sum of money, but guarantees that the loan will be returned if the entrepreneur fails to survive in the market.

They adhere to such a scheme - a citizen goes to the bank, and he, in turn, applies to the guarantee fund and receives approval for.

What exactly is meant

If there is no start-up capital, novice businessmen will have a hard time. In the absence of assets, the business does not develop, it is not possible to implement ideas.

And there are citizens who are ready to borrow money and take risks if they have an action plan and a development strategy.

As practice shows, in Russia only 10% of companies pay off, if they do not burn out in the first year of operation.

That is why banking organizations are reluctant to issue loans to small businesses, so as not to finance projects that have an uncertain future.

Normative base

State support for small businesses is provided in accordance with what was adopted by the authorities on 07/24/2007. It lists available benefits from banks, business schools, investment enterprises.

How to get a loan to start a small business from scratch

Let us consider in detail what are the rules for obtaining a loan for the development of small businesses from scratch.

Mandatory conditions

Sometimes banks are ready to meet an individual entrepreneur or individual if a number of conditions are met:

• have a detailed business plan;
• opened a bank account;
• there is collateral;
• provided a certificate of;
• the citizen's credit history is clean and there are no outstanding loans;
• the person does not have;
• no for tax, .

The main requirement is that the borrower must be solvent. In the absence of profit, do not expect the bank to give money.

The conditions for obtaining a loan for a small business are more stringent than when obtaining. So, if you want to get a small amount get a regular loan.

Banks will definitely ask about the marital status of the borrower, whether he has a landline phone, permanent registration, what expenses a person has, etc.

Employees of a financial institution will try to collect as much data as possible about a citizen in order to understand who they are dealing with.

Detailed business plan

The first thing that will be required of you is to prepare for a meeting with a bank specialist. To do this, you need to draw up a business plan.

Consider:

• what amount do you need;
• where the funds received will be spent;
• what kind of financing should be - parts, full amount;
• what kind of profit do you plan to make when doing business;
• whether your income will be constant;
• how much and during what period it will be possible to withdraw from the business in order to repay the debt on the loan;
• what will be the result of earnings, if you take into account the costs;
• Is there an alternative business development option.

Write down all the answers to such questions in a business plan. This way you can get a clear picture of whether lending is worthwhile. Such a plan is also required when contacting a bank.

If a competent and detailed one is not drawn up, justify and calculate what the costs will be.

This document can be presented on several dozen pages. In the bank, it is desirable to show a compressed version, which consists of 5-10 pages.

Do not be surprised if the bank considers that your business plan is unprofitable or unpromising, and refuses to issue funds.

Consider what simple explanations you can give about the stages of development of an activity. You can meet with the head of the bank if you are ready to explain the business development strategy.

Collateral or guarantor

There are financial institutions that issue express loans to citizens without collateral and security. But in this case, the percentage will be high.

The credit agency will provide funds even if the person is not registered, and. But his work is not always legal. Documentation is often forged.

And you can have serious problems because of this. Better if there is. It will become a reliable guarantee for the bank that the funds will be returned.

A loan that has collateral is beneficial to the banking organization, as well as to the borrower himself. In this case, the rate will be lower, the terms will be longer, and the requirements for documents are not so strict.

The pledge can be:

• liquid real estate (apartment, land, etc.);
• vehicles;
• equipment;
• stock;
• other assets that are liquid.

It’s great if a citizen has not only property that can be collateral, but also a guarantor in the person of a citizen or legal entity.

The guarantor can be a city or regional center of entrepreneurship, a business incubator and another structure that helps a novice businessman.

Net credit history

Banks check the credit history of each borrower. It is important to:

• previously received loans to be successfully closed;
• there were no penalties for late payments;
• not opened a new loan.

It takes time to fix your credit history. It is best to issue several loans in a row at the MFI and close them, based on the conditions of the company.

Full package of documents

Going to the bank, you should have as many documents as possible if you hope for a loan approval. Documentation properly.

It is desirable that there are ready-made licenses and other permits for conducting activities.
What kind of certificates will be needed, it is worth checking with the bank.

There is a standard list that includes:

• businessman's legal documentation;
• identification;
• EGRIP record sheet;
• if there is, ;
• certificate of income in the form of 2-NDFL;
• military ID if the businessman is a man;
• pension certificate;
• sample letter from a franchisor who will cooperate with an individual entrepreneur.

Mandatory financial documents are:

• sample tax return if it has already been provided to the Federal Tax Service;
• agreements that were concluded with the supplier, buyer, customer;
• sample letter of guarantee;
• title documents for property used in activities;
• agreement;
• business plan (specify which sections it should have).

When making a deposit:

• title documentation for the object, which is issued as a pledge;
• if the property belongs to another citizen, then his passport is required;
• questionnaire;
• an application, the form of which can be taken from a banking institution.

All copies provided in financial institution, must be certified by signatures and seals. Although a bank specialist can also certify such documents after verifying the data with the originals.

Registration procedure

Before you take out a loan, decide on the amount you need. It is advisable to consult a professional financial analyst, which will help calculate all the costs.

Find guarantors and consider whether you can provide collateral. Since you cannot do without a checking account, it is also worth opening it right away.

Then you can start preparing a business plan, defining a franchise. If you have already prepared for going to the bank, follow these instructions:

1. Fill out the form, indicating the basic data and the desire to receive a loan to open a small business.
2. Select loan program("Business Start").
3. Register at tax service as an entrepreneur.
4. Gather the necessary information.
5. Apply now.
6. Provide funds to the banking organization to repay an initial fee(or pledge expensive property).
7. Get a loan and start your business.

Sometimes there are a number of additional requirements. For example, a franchisor-partner of a bank may require an analysis of the market (the area in which a novice businessman plans to work).

If licenses are needed, they should also be obtained before applying for a loan.

Bank and program selection

Loan programs are many. The main thing is to decide which one suits you best.
Find out what the bank with which you are already cooperating offers.

Payroll client and the citizen who opened deposits and settlement accounts the bank will offer favorable conditions.

You must select a financial institution that has branches in different regions.
It is important to pay attention:

• for indicators independent rating institutions;
• for the duration of the bank (it is desirable that it opened more than 5 years ago);
• financial reports that are published on the portal of the institution;
• reviews of other individual entrepreneurs who have already applied to this bank;
• whether there is a soft loans with government support.

Be sure to check if the owner is changing and if the organization's assets are being transferred to another bank.

Otherwise, you will have to bother with clarifying the changed details. It is better to choose several banks and submit applications for receiving money in each of them.

If positive decision will accept more than one bank, you will have the opportunity to choose the one that will offer more favorable conditions.

Common lending programs are:

1. Consumer loans, which can be obtained by having a steady income and providing several documents.
2. A loan for opening an IP, which can be obtained by buying a franchise.
3. An express loan provided to businessmen without collateral in a couple of hours, but at a high rate.
4. Buying a property that is under collateral.
5. Commercial view, which can be issued by representatives of small businesses.
6. Replenishment of funds for turnover.
7. An overdraft provided in the event that funds do not arrive on current accounts on time.
8. Factoring, which implies debt obligations of the partner to the creditor bank.
9. Refinancing.

Features of lending to entrepreneurs:

1. The bank will issue a loan at a higher percentage than an ordinary citizen.
2. Typically, the debt must be repaid within no more than 5 years.
3. The amount of the down payment and the guarantees of the guarantors play an important role.
4. You will have to insure life, health, collateral.
5. Cash is rarely issued. Funds are usually transferred to the settlement accounts of businessmen.

Consider, using the example of Sberbank, how it issues loans to small businesses. This institution independently developed the business model of a hairdresser, confectionery, bakery, etc.

Video: is it worth taking a loan for a business


Funds can be issued to individual entrepreneurs, LLCs or individuals if they have not been conducting business activities for the last 3 months.

The loan is provided to start-up businessmen aged 20 to 60 years. Money is issued in rubles for a period of up to 3.5 years. It is important that the individual entrepreneur contributes 20% of the funding amount.

The rate is 17.5 - 18.5%. It is allowed to take a deferral of, but only for a period that does not exceed six months.

The borrower needs to repay the debt on the loan every month using annuity payments.

Sberbank issues loans according to the following scheme:

1. The borrower goes to the institution and chooses a franchise.
2. The Borrower must have completed the Business Fundamentals course.
3. Next, you should get the consent of the franchisor to cooperate.
4. It is issued, certificates are transferred to the bank.
5. The bank considers the application within 3 days and announces the result.

Preparation of documents

So, you have decided on the bank. Now it's time to collect as many references as possible. Once again, we indicate what documents are needed:

• civil document;
• a certificate confirming the registration of an individual entrepreneur or legal entity;
• sample extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities;
• a document that confirms registration with the tax service;
• license, permission;
• certificates of property that is issued as a pledge;
• sample business plan;
• Form 2-NDFL.

A bank specialist may also request other information, for example, a list of property that was purchased for doing business, a lease agreement for premises, etc.

Filing an application

Most banks can accept applications online. To do this, fill out the questionnaire and send it for consideration.

You should write as much information as possible, and be sure to be reliable, as an employee of a financial institution will carefully check it.

You should not hide important data - that you were previously declared bankrupt, that you have a loan T.

The bank will not take risks by issuing a loan to a citizen who tries to take it by fraud. In addition, such persons may be blacklisted.

Most loans are issued if a novice businessman can pay an initial fee, which will be up to 30% of the amount received. Convince an employee of a banking organization that you have such funds.

Conclusion of an agreement

Making a loan agreement is a serious step. Such a document will depend financial situation your company. It is not serious to pay for a document that has not been reread.

Therefore, it is worth considering the following advice. Carefully study the contract, and even better, entrust it to a specialist in a law firm who knows all the features of business lending.

Important to see:

• what is the final interest rate set;
• what payment schedule should be followed (whether it will be convenient for you);
• How are fines calculated?
• what conditions to follow early repayment debt;
• what are the obligations and rights of each party.

Review the collateral agreement if the loan is issued with a guarantee. You should find out what rights you will have as the owner of the property.

If any item does not suit you, demand to correct it or remove it altogether. There is no model and formal banking agreement.

Each document is compiled taking into account individual conditions and the circumstances of the transaction. If the contract is read and satisfied by both parties, it is signed. The only thing left to do is to get money into a bank account and open your own business.

What if the IP does not have collateral and extra profit? It is worth contacting the Center for Entrepreneurship and taking advantage of the preferential state lending program from the state.